Volume change is an important behaviour of soil and can occur in the form of compaction, compression and consolidation. The latter is the process of flow and progressive volume change due to dissipation of excess pore pressure. The rate of consolidation depends on the amount of volume change, or compressibility, as well as the hydraulic conductivity. When a decrease of volume occurs it is called consolidation and when an increase of volume occurs swell. In either situation, the excess pore pressure can be the result of a change in total stress, a change in the boundary pore pressure, or changes in the soil structure due to shearing.
Consolidation studies are mostly performed on intact, fine-grained (cohesive) soils; soils that consolidate at such a slow rate that the time rate of deformation are of engineering concern. Geolab Wiertsema makes use of two methods to determine the consolidation properties of soil. Firstly, the (standard) incremental consolidation test using an oedometer. Secondly, the Constant Rate of Strain (CRS) method.
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